A moving camera is 'doing an action' for the audience
A still camera watches; a moving camera guides the audience. The five basics: push in (slowly move closer), pull out (slowly move away), pan (camera fixed, lens turns left/right or up/down), track (the whole rig moves sideways), and follow (move along with the character).
Push vs. pull: one drills in, one pulls away
A push-in carries the audience step by step into the character's inner world — used when he suddenly realizes something, or emotion is about to erupt. A pull-out is the opposite: it draws the camera away to reveal a larger environment, or to put distance between audience and character — often at endings, or for the reveal that 'he's actually all alone / it's not that simple.'
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The whole camera rig moves along with a walking character, keeping them in frame the whole time — which move is this?
答案：Follow
Moving along with the character is a 'follow,' creating immersion and a sense of companionship. Both 'track' and 'follow' rely on moving the whole rig; the difference is that a **follow keeps locked on the character** while a track shot doesn't necessarily.
At the end of a film, you want the audience to detach from the character and see the whole environment they're in. Which move fits best?
答案：Pull-out
A pull-out moves the camera away and reveals the larger environment — the classic 'detach / close out' technique.
True or false: a push-in is usually used to detach the audience from the character and observe coolly from outside.
答案：False
A push-in drills inward, getting close to the inner world; detached, cool observation is what a pull-out does — the opposite.